Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- Maps -- Prologue. The Perfect Storm -- 1. Through the Window -- 2. From the Bush -- 3. In the Courtroom -- 4. On the Streets -- 5. In Trouble -- 6. At the Intersection -- 7. Where to Now? -- Appendix 1. Respondents -- Appendix 2. Sample Antecedent Report -- Appendix 3. Review of Homosexuality Cases -- Appendix 4. Summary of Sentences -- Bibliography.

This book is an exceptional contribution to our knowledge of the nexus between the criminal law and negative attitudes of society, and what effects criminalization has on the social lives of prostitutes and males who have sex with males, and whether these effects might provide evidence to support the argument for law reform.

Intro -- Preface - Christine Stewart -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Prologue: The Place of Papua New Guinea in Contours of Gender Violence - Margaret Jolly -- Introduction-Engendering Violence in Papua New Guinea: Persons, Power and Perilous Transformations - Margaret Jolly -- 1. Black and Blue: Shades of Violence in West New Britain, PNG - Naomi McPherson -- 2. Troubled Masculinities and Gender Violence in Melanesia - Laura Zimmer-Tamakoshi -- 3. Engendered Violence and Witch-killing in Simbu - Philip Gibbs -- 4. Becoming Mary: Marian Devotion as a Solution to Gender-based Violence in Urban PNG - Anna-Karina Hermkens -- 5. Engendering Violence in the Papua New Guinea Courts: Sentencing in Rape Trials - Jean G. Zorn -- 6. Conversations with Convicted Rapists - Fiona Hukula -- 7. 'Crime to be a Woman?': Engendering Violence against Female Sex Workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea - Christine Stewart -- 8. Gender Violence in Melanesia and the Problem of Millennium Development Goal No. 3 - Martha Macintyre -- Contributors -- Index.

This collection builds on previous works on gender violence in the Pacific, but goes beyond some previous approaches to 'domestic violence' or 'violence

An estimated 165 million children are stunted due to the combined effects of poor nutrition, repeated infection and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The complementary feeding period, generally corresponding to age 6–24 months, represents an important period of sensitivity to stunting with lifelong, possibly irrevocable consequences. Interventions to improve complementary feeding practices or the nutritional quality of complementary foods must take into consideration the contextual as well as proximal determinants of stunting. This review presents a conceptual framework that highlights the role of complementary feeding within the layers of contextual and causal factors that lead to stunted growth and development and the resulting short‐ and long‐term consequences. Contextual factors are organized into the following groups: political economy; health and health care systems; education; society and culture; agriculture and food systems; and water, sanitation and environment. We argue that these community and societal conditions underlie infant and young child feeding practices, which are a central pillar to healthy growth and development, and can serve to either impede or enable progress. Effectiveness studies with a strong process evaluation component are needed to identify transdisciplinary solutions. Programme and policy interventions aimed at preventing stunting should be informed by careful assessment of these factors at all levels.

An estimated 165 million children are stunted due to the combined effects of poor nutrition, repeated infection and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The complementary feeding period, generally corresponding to age 6-24 months, represents an important period of sensitivity to stunting with lifelong, possibly irrevocable consequences. Interventions to improve complementary feeding practices or the nutritional quality of complementary foods must take into consideration the contextual as well as proximal determinants of stunting. This review presents a conceptual framework that highlights the role of complementary feeding within the layers of contextual and causal factors that lead to stunted growth and development and the resulting short- and long-term consequences. Contextual factors are organized into the following groups: political economy; health and health care systems; education; society and culture; agriculture and food systems; and water, sanitation and environment. We argue that these community and societal conditions underlie infant and young child feeding practices, which are a central pillar to healthy growth and development, and can serve to either impede or enable progress. Effectiveness studies with a strong process evaluation component are needed to identify transdisciplinary solutions. Programme and policy interventions aimed at preventing stunting should be informed by careful assessment of these factors at all levels.

Objective: To compare patterns of health care utilization associated with first presen­tation of psychosis among different racial and ethnic groups of patients.Design: The study was a retrospective observational design.Settings: The study was conducted in five health care systems in the western United States. All sites were also part of the Nation­al Institute of Mental Health-funded Mental Health Research Network (MHRN).Participants: Patients (n = 852) were aged 15 – 59 years (average 26.9 ± 12.2 years), 45% women, and primarily non-Hispanic White (53%), with 16% Hispanic, 10% non-Hispanic Black, 6% Asian, 1% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 1% Native Ameri­can/ Alaskan Native, and 12% unknown race/ethnicity.Methods: Data abstracted from electronic medical records and insurance claims data were organized into a research virtual data warehouse (VDW) and used for analysis.Main Outcome Measures: Variables exam­ined were patterns of health care utilization, type of comorbid mental health condition, and type of treatment received in the three years before first presentation of psychosis.Results: Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, Asian patients (16% vs 34%; P=.007) and non-Hispanic Black patients (20% vs 34%; P=.009) were less likely to have a visit with specialty mental health care before their first presentation of psychosis.Conclusions: Early detection of first episode psychosis should start with wider screening for symptoms outside of any indicators for mental health conditions for non-Hispanic Black and Asian patients. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(4):609-616; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.4.609

AbstractMeasures of attention and memory were evaluated in 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants from two diverse contexts. One sample consisted of African infants residing in rural Malawi (N = 228, 118 girls, 110 boys). The other sample consisted of racially diverse infants residing in suburban California (N = 48, 24 girls, 24 boys). Infants were tested in an eye‐tracking version of the visual paired comparison procedure and were shown racially familiar faces. The eye tracking data were parsed into individual looks, revealing that both groups of infants showed significant memory performance. However, how a look was operationally defined impacted some—but not other—measures of infant VPC performance.Research Highlights
In both the US and Malawi, 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants showed evidence of memory for faces they had previously viewed during a familiarization period.
Infant age was associated with peak look duration and memory performance in both contexts.
Different operational definitions of a look yielded consistent findings for peak look duration and novelty preference scores—but not shift rate.
Operationalization of look‐defined measures is an important consideration for studies of infants in different cultural contexts.